Estonia 
History
Coffee was introduced to Estonia in the 18th century, during the time of the Russian Empire, and became popular in urban areas, particularly among the upper and educated classes. Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, cafés and coffeehouses flourished in the cities of Tallinn and Tartu, serving as intellectual and cultural hubs. Under Soviet rule (1940–1991), access to quality coffee was limited, and substitutes such as barley or chicory blends became common, while instant coffee and basic brewed styles were more accessible than true espresso. Since regaining independence, Estonia has undergone a coffee renaissance, with rapid growth in both consumption and appreciation for specialty coffee, especially among younger and urban populations.
Cultivation
Estonia does not cultivate coffee due to its cold, northern climate, which is unsuitable for coffee plants. All coffee is imported, primarily from Latin America, East Africa, and Southeast Asia. However, Estonia has developed a growing network of artisanal roasters and specialty importers, emphasizing traceability, sustainability, and ethically sourced beans. Local roasting companies are now a vital part of Estonia’s modern coffee landscape.
Popular Varieties
Estonians typically consume medium- to dark-roasted arabica coffee, though lighter roasts have gained popularity with the rise of third-wave coffee culture. Filter coffee is a household staple, often made with drip machines or manual pour-over methods. In cafés, espresso-based drinks—such as lattes, cappuccinos, and flat whites—are most popular. Cold brew and other specialty brews using pour-over and syphon methods also are increasingly common in modern coffeeshops. Instant coffee remains in use, particularly among older generations or for convenience.
How It's Enjoyed
Coffee is a key part of daily life in Estonia, typically consumed in the morning and throughout the day, often during work or social breaks. It is common to pair coffee with traditional pastries or cakes, such as kringel (braided sweet bread) or kohupiimakook (curd cake). The act of kohvijoomine meaning “drinking coffee” is often synonymous with socializing, whether at home or in a café. In the cities of Tallinn and Tartu, café culture thrives, with minimalist, Nordic-inspired spaces offering high-quality brews. At home, coffee is brewed simply but consumed frequently, reflecting both practicality and enjoyment.
Interesting Facts
- Estonia ranks among the top coffee-consuming countries per capita in the world.
- The Tallinn Coffee Festival, taking place annually, showcases local roasters, baristas, and international trends.
- Many Estonians drink their coffee black, without sugar, valuing the clarity and origin-specific flavors of the beans.
- During Soviet times, chicory and barley-based substitutes were often used when coffee was scarce.
- Estonian cafés frequently blend Scandinavian design aesthetics with a focus on high-end brewing techniques and locally roasted beans.